Joint Ventures Involving Tax-Exempt Organizations, 2022 Cumulative Supplement

Joint Ventures Involving Tax-Exempt Organizations, 2022 Cumulative Supplement

Sanders, Michael I.

John Wiley & Sons Inc

12/2022

400

Mole

Inglês

9781119985204

15 a 20 dias

666

Descrição não disponível.
Preface xi

Acknowledgments xv

Chapter 1: Introduction: Joint Ventures Involving Exempt Organizations 1

1.4 University Joint Ventures 1

1.5 Low- Income Housing and New Markets Tax Credit Joint Ventures 1

1.6 Conservation Joint Ventures 2

1.8 Rev. Rul. 98- 15 and Joint Venture Structure 2

1.10 Ancillary Joint Ventures: Rev. Rul. 2004- 51 2

1.14 The Exempt Organization as a Lender or Ground Lessor 2

1.15 Partnership Taxation 3

1.17 Use of a Subsidiary as a Participant in a Joint Venture 3

1.22 Limitation on Private Foundation's Activities That Limit Excess Business Holdings 4

1.24 Other Developments 4

Chapter 2: Taxation of Charitable Organizations 9

2.1 Introduction 9

2.2 Categories of Exempt Organizations (Revised) 15

2.3 501(c) (3) Organizations: Statutory Requirements 19

2.4 Charitable Organizations: General Requirements 22

2.5 Categories of Charitable Organizations (New) 23

2.6 Application for Exemption 25

2.7 Governance 34

2.8 Form 990: Reporting and Disclosure Requirements (Revised) 35

2.9 Redesigned Form 990 (New) 37

2.10 The IRS Audit (Revised) 37

2.11 Charitable Contributions (Revised) 42

Chapter 3: Taxation of Partnerships and Joint Ventures 53

3.1 Scope of Chapter 53

3.3 Classification as a Partnership (Revised) 56

3.4 Alternatives to Partnerships 70

3.7 Formation of Partnership 70

3.8 Tax Basis in Partnership Interest 70

3.9 Partnership Operations 71

3.10 Partnership Distributions to Partners 72

3.11 Sale or Other Disposition of Assets or Interests 72

3.12 Other Tax Issues 73

Chapter 4: Overview: Joint Ventures Involving Exempt Organizations 79

4.1 Introduction 79

4.2 Exempt Organization as General Partner: A Historical Perspective 80

4.6 Revenue Ruling 2004- 51 and Ancillary Joint Ventures 82

4.9 Conversions from Exempt to For- Profit and from For- Profit to Exempt Entities 82

4.10 Analysis of a Virtual Joint Venture 82

Chapter 5: Private Benefit, Private Inurement, and Excess Benefit Transactions 85

5.1 What Are Private Inurement and Private Benefit? 85

5.2 Transactions in Which Private Benefit or Inurement May Occur 87

5.3 Profit- Making Activities as Indicia of Nonexempt Purpose 89

5.4 Intermediate Sanctions (Revised) 89

5.7 State Activity with Respect to Insider Transactions 99

Chapter 6: Engaging in a Joint Venture: The Choices 101

6.1 Introduction 101

6.2 LLCs 102

6.3 Use of a For- Profit Subsidiary as Participant in a Joint Venture (Revised) 103

6.5 Private Foundations and Program- Related Investments (Revised) 115

6.6 Nonprofits and Bonds 120

6.7 Exploring Alternative Structures (Revised) 122

6.8 Other Approaches 126

Chapter 7: Exempt Organizations as Accommodating Parties in Tax Shelter Transactions 135

7.2 Prevention of Abusive Tax Shelters 135

7.3 Excise Taxes and Penalties 136

Chapter 8: The Unrelated Business Income Tax 137

8.1 Introduction 137

8.3 General Rule 138

8.4 Statutory Exceptions to UBIT 139

8.5 Modifications to UBIT 140

8.7 Calculation of UBIT 140

Chapter 9: Debt- Financed Income 157

9.1 Introduction 157

9.2 Debt- Financed Property 157

9.3 The 514(c) (9) Exception (New) 158

9.6 The Final Regulations 158

Chapter 10: Limitation on Excess Business Holdings 161

10.1 Introduction 161

10.2 Excess Business Holdings: General Rules (Revised) 161

10.3 Tax Imposed 163

10.4 Exclusions (Revised) 164

Chapter 11: Impact on Taxable Joint Ventures: Tax- Exempt Entity Leasing Rules (New) 169

11.3 Internal Revenue Code 168(H) 169

Chapter 12: Healthcare Entities in Joint Ventures 171

12.1 Overview 171

12.2 Classifications of Joint Ventures 172

12.3 Tax Analysis 173

12.4 Other Healthcare Industry Issues 175

12.5 Preserving the 50/50 Joint Venture 176

12.9 Government Scrutiny 176

12.11 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: 501(R) and Other Statutory Changes Impacting Nonprofit Hospitals 177

12.12 The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: ACOs and Co- Ops: New Joint Venture Healthcare Entities (Revised) 180

Chapter 13: Low- Income Housing, New Markets, Rehabilitation, and Other Tax Credit Programs 181

13.2 Nonprofit- Sponsored LIHTC Project 181

13.3 Low- Income Housing Tax Credit (Revised) 182

13.4 Historic Investment Tax Credit 186

13.6 New Markets Tax Credits (Revised) 196

13.10 The Energy Tax Credits 212

13.11 The Opportunity Zone Funds: New Section 1400Z- 1 and Section 1400Z- 2 (Revised) 213

Appendix 13B 275

Chapter 14: Joint Ventures with Universities 291

14.1 Introduction 291

14.3 Colleges and Universities IRS Compliance Initiative 297

14.5 Faculty Participation in Research Joint Ventures 298

14.6 Nonresearch Joint Venture Arrangements 301

14.7 Modes of Participation by Universities in Joint Ventures (Revised) 301

Chapter 15: Business Leagues Engaged in Joint Ventures 313

15.1 Overview 313

15.2 The Five- Prong Test (Revised) 314

15.3 Unrelated Business Income Tax 315

Chapter 16: Conservation Organizations in Joint Ventures 317

16.1 Overview 317

16.2 Conservation and Environmental Protection as a Charitable or Educational Purpose: Public and Private Benefit 317

16.3 Conservation Gifts and 170(h) Contributions (Revised) 318

16.7 Emerging Issues 344

Chapter 17: International Joint Ventures 345

17.5 General Grantmaking Rules 345

17.11 Application of Foreign Tax Treaties 347

Chapter 19: Debt Restructuring and Asset Protection Issues 351

19.1 Introduction 351

19.2 Overview of Bankruptcy 351

19.3 The Estate and the Automatic Stay 352

19.4 Case Administration 353

19.5 Chapter 11 Plan 354

19.6 Discharge 355

19.7 Special Issues: Consequences of Debt Reduction 355

Index 357
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