English Phonetics and Phonology
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English Phonetics and Phonology
An Introduction
Carr, Philip
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
11/2019
256
Mole
Inglês
9781119533740
15 a 20 dias
364
Descrição não disponível.
Prefaces to the First Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Sound Recordings xix
About the Companion Website xxiii
Figure 1 The organs of speech xxiv
Figure 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet xxv
1 English Phonetics: Consonants (i) 1
1.1 Airstream and Articulation 1
1.2 Place of Articulation 2
1.3 Manner of Articulation: Stops, Fricatives and Approximants 5
2 English Phonetics: Consonants (ii) 11
2.1 Central vs Lateral 11
2.2 Taps and Trills 11
2.3 Secondary Articulation 12
2.4 Affricates 12
2.5 Aspiration 13
2.6 Nasal Stops 13
3 English Phonetics: Vowels (i) 17
3.1 The Primary Cardinal Vowels 17
3.2 RP and GA Short Vowels 19
4 English Phonetics: Vowels (ii) 23
4.1 RP and GA Long Vowels 23
4.2 RP and GA Diphthongs 24
5 The Phonemic Principle 29
5.1 Introduction: Linguistic Knowledge 29
5.2 Contrast vs Predictability: The Phoneme 30
5.3 Phonemes, Allophones and Contexts 37
5.4 Summing Up 38
6 English Phonemes 43
6.1 English Consonant Phonemes 43
6.2 The Phonological Form of Morphemes 45
6.3 English Vowel Phonemes 49
7 English Syllable Structure 55
7.1 Introduction 55
7.2 Constituency in Syllable Structure 55
7.3 The Sonority Hierarchy, Maximal Onset and Syllable Weight 59
7.4 Language-Specific Phonotactics 63
7.5 Syllabic Consonants and Phonotactics 64
7.6 Syllable-Based Generalizations 65
7.7 Morphological Structure, Syllable Structure and Resyllabification 66
7.8 Summing Up 69
8 Rhythm and Word Stress in English 71
8.1 The Rhythm of English 71
8.2 English Word Stress: Is it Entirely Random? 72
8.3 English Word Stress: Some General Principles 75
8.4 Word Stress Assignment in Morphologically Simple Words 76
8.5 Word Stress Assignment and Morphological Structure 80
8.6 Compound Words 85
8.7 Summing Up 87
9 Rhythm, Reversal and Reduction 91
9.1 More on the Trochaic Metrical Foot 91
9.2 Representing Metrical Structure 94
9.3 Phonological Generalizations and Foot Structure 98
9.4 The Rhythm of English Again: Stress Timing and Eurhythmy 100
10 English Intonation 109
10.1 Tonic Syllables, Tones and Intonation Phrases 109
10.2 Departures from the LLI Rule 111
10.3 IPs and Syntactic Units 116
10.4 Tonic Placement, IP Boundaries and Syntax 121
10.5 Tones and Syntax 123
10.6 Tonic Placement and Discourse Context 124
10.7 Summing Up 125
11 Graphophonemics: Spelling-Pronunciation Relations 129
11.1 Introduction 129
11.2 Vowel Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 130
11.3 Consonant Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 135
12 Variation in English Accents 143
12.1 Introduction 143
12.2 Systemic vs Realizational Differences between Accents 144
12.3 Perceptual and Articulatory Space 148
12.4 Differences in the Lexical Distribution of Phonemes 152
13 An Outline of Some Accents of English 155
13.1 Some British Accents 155
13.2 Two American Accents 164
13.3 Two Southern Hemisphere Accents 167
13.4 An Overview of Some Common Phenomena Found in Accent Variation 170
14 First-Language (L1) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 181
14.1 The First Six Months 181
14.2 The Second Six Months 183
14.3 The Second Year of Life 184
14.4 The Mental Lexicon and the Emergence of Phonological Rules and Representations 187
14.5 The Bilingual Child 188
15 Second-Language (L2) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 193
15.1 Introduction: General Issues 193
15.2 Types of Problem in L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 195
15.3 Phonetic Inventories and Phonemic Systems 195
15.4 Graphophonemic Problems 200
15.5 Phonotactics 201
15.6 Rhythm and Word Stress 202
15.7 Intonation 204
15.8 Concluding Remarks on L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 205
Suggested Further Reading 209
Index 213
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Sound Recordings xix
About the Companion Website xxiii
Figure 1 The organs of speech xxiv
Figure 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet xxv
1 English Phonetics: Consonants (i) 1
1.1 Airstream and Articulation 1
1.2 Place of Articulation 2
1.3 Manner of Articulation: Stops, Fricatives and Approximants 5
2 English Phonetics: Consonants (ii) 11
2.1 Central vs Lateral 11
2.2 Taps and Trills 11
2.3 Secondary Articulation 12
2.4 Affricates 12
2.5 Aspiration 13
2.6 Nasal Stops 13
3 English Phonetics: Vowels (i) 17
3.1 The Primary Cardinal Vowels 17
3.2 RP and GA Short Vowels 19
4 English Phonetics: Vowels (ii) 23
4.1 RP and GA Long Vowels 23
4.2 RP and GA Diphthongs 24
5 The Phonemic Principle 29
5.1 Introduction: Linguistic Knowledge 29
5.2 Contrast vs Predictability: The Phoneme 30
5.3 Phonemes, Allophones and Contexts 37
5.4 Summing Up 38
6 English Phonemes 43
6.1 English Consonant Phonemes 43
6.2 The Phonological Form of Morphemes 45
6.3 English Vowel Phonemes 49
7 English Syllable Structure 55
7.1 Introduction 55
7.2 Constituency in Syllable Structure 55
7.3 The Sonority Hierarchy, Maximal Onset and Syllable Weight 59
7.4 Language-Specific Phonotactics 63
7.5 Syllabic Consonants and Phonotactics 64
7.6 Syllable-Based Generalizations 65
7.7 Morphological Structure, Syllable Structure and Resyllabification 66
7.8 Summing Up 69
8 Rhythm and Word Stress in English 71
8.1 The Rhythm of English 71
8.2 English Word Stress: Is it Entirely Random? 72
8.3 English Word Stress: Some General Principles 75
8.4 Word Stress Assignment in Morphologically Simple Words 76
8.5 Word Stress Assignment and Morphological Structure 80
8.6 Compound Words 85
8.7 Summing Up 87
9 Rhythm, Reversal and Reduction 91
9.1 More on the Trochaic Metrical Foot 91
9.2 Representing Metrical Structure 94
9.3 Phonological Generalizations and Foot Structure 98
9.4 The Rhythm of English Again: Stress Timing and Eurhythmy 100
10 English Intonation 109
10.1 Tonic Syllables, Tones and Intonation Phrases 109
10.2 Departures from the LLI Rule 111
10.3 IPs and Syntactic Units 116
10.4 Tonic Placement, IP Boundaries and Syntax 121
10.5 Tones and Syntax 123
10.6 Tonic Placement and Discourse Context 124
10.7 Summing Up 125
11 Graphophonemics: Spelling-Pronunciation Relations 129
11.1 Introduction 129
11.2 Vowel Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 130
11.3 Consonant Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 135
12 Variation in English Accents 143
12.1 Introduction 143
12.2 Systemic vs Realizational Differences between Accents 144
12.3 Perceptual and Articulatory Space 148
12.4 Differences in the Lexical Distribution of Phonemes 152
13 An Outline of Some Accents of English 155
13.1 Some British Accents 155
13.2 Two American Accents 164
13.3 Two Southern Hemisphere Accents 167
13.4 An Overview of Some Common Phenomena Found in Accent Variation 170
14 First-Language (L1) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 181
14.1 The First Six Months 181
14.2 The Second Six Months 183
14.3 The Second Year of Life 184
14.4 The Mental Lexicon and the Emergence of Phonological Rules and Representations 187
14.5 The Bilingual Child 188
15 Second-Language (L2) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 193
15.1 Introduction: General Issues 193
15.2 Types of Problem in L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 195
15.3 Phonetic Inventories and Phonemic Systems 195
15.4 Graphophonemic Problems 200
15.5 Phonotactics 201
15.6 Rhythm and Word Stress 202
15.7 Intonation 204
15.8 Concluding Remarks on L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 205
Suggested Further Reading 209
Index 213
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
<p>English phonetics; English phonetics guide; English phonetics textbook; English phonology; English phonology guide; English phonology textbook; English phonetics exercises; English phonetics for non-native speakers; introduction to English phonology</p>
Prefaces to the First Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Sound Recordings xix
About the Companion Website xxiii
Figure 1 The organs of speech xxiv
Figure 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet xxv
1 English Phonetics: Consonants (i) 1
1.1 Airstream and Articulation 1
1.2 Place of Articulation 2
1.3 Manner of Articulation: Stops, Fricatives and Approximants 5
2 English Phonetics: Consonants (ii) 11
2.1 Central vs Lateral 11
2.2 Taps and Trills 11
2.3 Secondary Articulation 12
2.4 Affricates 12
2.5 Aspiration 13
2.6 Nasal Stops 13
3 English Phonetics: Vowels (i) 17
3.1 The Primary Cardinal Vowels 17
3.2 RP and GA Short Vowels 19
4 English Phonetics: Vowels (ii) 23
4.1 RP and GA Long Vowels 23
4.2 RP and GA Diphthongs 24
5 The Phonemic Principle 29
5.1 Introduction: Linguistic Knowledge 29
5.2 Contrast vs Predictability: The Phoneme 30
5.3 Phonemes, Allophones and Contexts 37
5.4 Summing Up 38
6 English Phonemes 43
6.1 English Consonant Phonemes 43
6.2 The Phonological Form of Morphemes 45
6.3 English Vowel Phonemes 49
7 English Syllable Structure 55
7.1 Introduction 55
7.2 Constituency in Syllable Structure 55
7.3 The Sonority Hierarchy, Maximal Onset and Syllable Weight 59
7.4 Language-Specific Phonotactics 63
7.5 Syllabic Consonants and Phonotactics 64
7.6 Syllable-Based Generalizations 65
7.7 Morphological Structure, Syllable Structure and Resyllabification 66
7.8 Summing Up 69
8 Rhythm and Word Stress in English 71
8.1 The Rhythm of English 71
8.2 English Word Stress: Is it Entirely Random? 72
8.3 English Word Stress: Some General Principles 75
8.4 Word Stress Assignment in Morphologically Simple Words 76
8.5 Word Stress Assignment and Morphological Structure 80
8.6 Compound Words 85
8.7 Summing Up 87
9 Rhythm, Reversal and Reduction 91
9.1 More on the Trochaic Metrical Foot 91
9.2 Representing Metrical Structure 94
9.3 Phonological Generalizations and Foot Structure 98
9.4 The Rhythm of English Again: Stress Timing and Eurhythmy 100
10 English Intonation 109
10.1 Tonic Syllables, Tones and Intonation Phrases 109
10.2 Departures from the LLI Rule 111
10.3 IPs and Syntactic Units 116
10.4 Tonic Placement, IP Boundaries and Syntax 121
10.5 Tones and Syntax 123
10.6 Tonic Placement and Discourse Context 124
10.7 Summing Up 125
11 Graphophonemics: Spelling-Pronunciation Relations 129
11.1 Introduction 129
11.2 Vowel Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 130
11.3 Consonant Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 135
12 Variation in English Accents 143
12.1 Introduction 143
12.2 Systemic vs Realizational Differences between Accents 144
12.3 Perceptual and Articulatory Space 148
12.4 Differences in the Lexical Distribution of Phonemes 152
13 An Outline of Some Accents of English 155
13.1 Some British Accents 155
13.2 Two American Accents 164
13.3 Two Southern Hemisphere Accents 167
13.4 An Overview of Some Common Phenomena Found in Accent Variation 170
14 First-Language (L1) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 181
14.1 The First Six Months 181
14.2 The Second Six Months 183
14.3 The Second Year of Life 184
14.4 The Mental Lexicon and the Emergence of Phonological Rules and Representations 187
14.5 The Bilingual Child 188
15 Second-Language (L2) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 193
15.1 Introduction: General Issues 193
15.2 Types of Problem in L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 195
15.3 Phonetic Inventories and Phonemic Systems 195
15.4 Graphophonemic Problems 200
15.5 Phonotactics 201
15.6 Rhythm and Word Stress 202
15.7 Intonation 204
15.8 Concluding Remarks on L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 205
Suggested Further Reading 209
Index 213
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the Third Edition xv
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Sound Recordings xix
About the Companion Website xxiii
Figure 1 The organs of speech xxiv
Figure 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet xxv
1 English Phonetics: Consonants (i) 1
1.1 Airstream and Articulation 1
1.2 Place of Articulation 2
1.3 Manner of Articulation: Stops, Fricatives and Approximants 5
2 English Phonetics: Consonants (ii) 11
2.1 Central vs Lateral 11
2.2 Taps and Trills 11
2.3 Secondary Articulation 12
2.4 Affricates 12
2.5 Aspiration 13
2.6 Nasal Stops 13
3 English Phonetics: Vowels (i) 17
3.1 The Primary Cardinal Vowels 17
3.2 RP and GA Short Vowels 19
4 English Phonetics: Vowels (ii) 23
4.1 RP and GA Long Vowels 23
4.2 RP and GA Diphthongs 24
5 The Phonemic Principle 29
5.1 Introduction: Linguistic Knowledge 29
5.2 Contrast vs Predictability: The Phoneme 30
5.3 Phonemes, Allophones and Contexts 37
5.4 Summing Up 38
6 English Phonemes 43
6.1 English Consonant Phonemes 43
6.2 The Phonological Form of Morphemes 45
6.3 English Vowel Phonemes 49
7 English Syllable Structure 55
7.1 Introduction 55
7.2 Constituency in Syllable Structure 55
7.3 The Sonority Hierarchy, Maximal Onset and Syllable Weight 59
7.4 Language-Specific Phonotactics 63
7.5 Syllabic Consonants and Phonotactics 64
7.6 Syllable-Based Generalizations 65
7.7 Morphological Structure, Syllable Structure and Resyllabification 66
7.8 Summing Up 69
8 Rhythm and Word Stress in English 71
8.1 The Rhythm of English 71
8.2 English Word Stress: Is it Entirely Random? 72
8.3 English Word Stress: Some General Principles 75
8.4 Word Stress Assignment in Morphologically Simple Words 76
8.5 Word Stress Assignment and Morphological Structure 80
8.6 Compound Words 85
8.7 Summing Up 87
9 Rhythm, Reversal and Reduction 91
9.1 More on the Trochaic Metrical Foot 91
9.2 Representing Metrical Structure 94
9.3 Phonological Generalizations and Foot Structure 98
9.4 The Rhythm of English Again: Stress Timing and Eurhythmy 100
10 English Intonation 109
10.1 Tonic Syllables, Tones and Intonation Phrases 109
10.2 Departures from the LLI Rule 111
10.3 IPs and Syntactic Units 116
10.4 Tonic Placement, IP Boundaries and Syntax 121
10.5 Tones and Syntax 123
10.6 Tonic Placement and Discourse Context 124
10.7 Summing Up 125
11 Graphophonemics: Spelling-Pronunciation Relations 129
11.1 Introduction 129
11.2 Vowel Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 130
11.3 Consonant Graphemes and Their Phonemic Values 135
12 Variation in English Accents 143
12.1 Introduction 143
12.2 Systemic vs Realizational Differences between Accents 144
12.3 Perceptual and Articulatory Space 148
12.4 Differences in the Lexical Distribution of Phonemes 152
13 An Outline of Some Accents of English 155
13.1 Some British Accents 155
13.2 Two American Accents 164
13.3 Two Southern Hemisphere Accents 167
13.4 An Overview of Some Common Phenomena Found in Accent Variation 170
14 First-Language (L1) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 181
14.1 The First Six Months 181
14.2 The Second Six Months 183
14.3 The Second Year of Life 184
14.4 The Mental Lexicon and the Emergence of Phonological Rules and Representations 187
14.5 The Bilingual Child 188
15 Second-Language (L2) Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 193
15.1 Introduction: General Issues 193
15.2 Types of Problem in L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 195
15.3 Phonetic Inventories and Phonemic Systems 195
15.4 Graphophonemic Problems 200
15.5 Phonotactics 201
15.6 Rhythm and Word Stress 202
15.7 Intonation 204
15.8 Concluding Remarks on L2 Acquisition of English Phonetics and Phonology 205
Suggested Further Reading 209
Index 213
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
