Evolution of Meteorology
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Evolution of Meteorology
A Look into the Past, Present, and Future of Weather Forecasting
Gallicchio, Nicole; Teague, Kevin Anthony
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
07/2017
272
Mole
Inglês
9781119136149
15 a 20 dias
624
Descrição não disponível.
About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Section I Building Blocks of Meteorology (3000 bc-ad 1950) 1
1 Ancient Civilizations, Philosophical Theories, and Folklore (3000 bc-ad 1400) 3
Kevin Anthony Teague
1.1 Ancient Babylonians 3
1.2 Ancient Chinese 4
1.3 Aristotle and Meteorologica 4
1.4 Theophrastus and the Book of Signs 5
1.5 Ibn Wahshiyya and Nabataean Agriculture 6
1.6 William of Ockham and Nominalism 6
1.7 Religion, Folklore, and Animals 7
2 Inventions of Weather Instruments (1400-1800) 11
Nicole Gallicchio
2.1 Rain Gauge 11
2.2 Hygrometer 12
2.3 Thermometer 13
2.4 Barometer 15
2.5 Anemometer 16
3 The Birth of Modern Meteorology (1800-1950) 19
Kevin Anthony Teague and Nicole Gallicchio
3.1 Telegraph 19
3.2 Fitzroy 20
3.3 Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson 20
3.4 Weather Balloons/Radiosondes 20
3.5 Birth of Governmental Weather Departments 22
3.6 Numerical Weather Prediction 25
3.7 Weather Broadcasting 26
3.8 Forecasting for WWII 26
3.9 Extreme Weather Forecasting: 'Nowcasting' 27
Section II The Early Television, Computer, Satellite, and Radar Era (1950-1980) 31
4 Television and the First Computerized Advancements 33
Kevin Anthony Teague
4.1 Television in the Household 33
4.2 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1950s 33
4.3 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1960s and 1970s 34
4.4 The Beginning of Computers and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) 35
4.5 Computers and NWP in the Met Office 37
4.6 Computers and NWP Worldwide 37
4.7 The 1970s and Its Lasting Influences on Forecasting 39
5 Radar and Satellite History 43
Nicole Gallicchio
5.1 Invention of the Radar 43
5.2 Development of Weather Radar 44
5.3 Invention of the Satellite 46
5.4 Remote Sensing 46
5.5 Development of Weather Satellites 47
Section III Modern?]Day Technologies, Advancements, and Social Media Impacts (1980-2013) 51
6 Personal Technology Boom 53
Nicole Gallicchio
6.1 Television Networks 53
6.2 Personal Computers 55
6.3 The Internet and Meteorology 56
6.4 Cellphones and Social Media 56
6.5 Movies 58
7 Covering Major Storms 61
Nicole Gallicchio
7.1 The Great Storm of 1987 61
7.2 Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones 63
7.3 Tornadoes 66
7.4 Floods, Droughts, and Wildfires 68
7.5 Storm Chasing 70
7.6 Media
8 The Rise of Modern Computer Models 75
Kevin Anthony Teague
8.1 European Center for Medium?]Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) 75
8.2 Main US Models 78
8.3 Specific Use Forecasting Models 79
8.4 Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) 79
8.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) 80
8.6 Main Model Biases and Various Characteristics 80
9 Advancements within the Nationalized Governmental Weather Departments 87
Kevin Anthony Teague
9.1 The National Weather Service 87
9.2 The Met Office 91
9.3 Advancements across the World 93
9.4 Radar Development 96
9.5 New Satellite Developments 100
10 Meteorological Agencies at the Global and Private Level 107
Kevin Anthony Teague
10.1 World Government Agencies 107
10.2 Operations of World Organizations 110
10.3 Global Discussions 110
10.4 What a Private?]Sector Weather Business Entails 111
10.5 Government vs. Private Sector 112
10.6 The Lesser?]Known Services of the Private Sector 115
Section IV Current and Future Ideologies of Climate Change and Meteorological Processes 121
11 Climate Change 123
Nicole Gallicchio
11.1 Climate Discussions 123
11.2 Earth's Lifetime Fluctuations 125
11.3 Past Climate Data 127
11.4 Permafrost and Climate Change 130
11.5 Greenhouse Gases 132
11.6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 133
12 Extreme Weather 141
Nicole Gallicchio
12.1 Current Climate and Weather Trends 141
12.2 Classifying Extreme Weather 144
12.3 Extreme Weather Influences 147
12.4 Is Extreme Weather on the Rise? 150
12.5 Weather Pattern Predictions 153
13 Additional Meteorological Impacts 169
Nicole Gallicchio
13.1 Space Weather 169
13.2 Earthquakes and the Effect on Climate Change 171
13.3 Weather and the Effects on the Human Body 172
14 Weather Technology 179
Kevin Anthony Teague
14.1 Tropical Cyclone Technology 179
14.2 Coastal Flooding 186
14.3 Extreme Weather 190
14.4 Enhancements to Radar, Satellite, and Model Output of Supercomputers 198
14.5 Long?]Range Forecasting 203
14.6 Various Planned Advancements 203
15 Global Cooperation 211
Kevin Anthony Teague
15.1 Overall Global Forecasting 211
15.2 Global Networking in Meteorology 213
15.3 Disaster Management 215
15.4 Global Radar and Satellite Cooperation 220
15.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting Systems 221
15.6 Global Response to Climate Change 223
Appendix Figures A-H 231
Index 245
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Section I Building Blocks of Meteorology (3000 bc-ad 1950) 1
1 Ancient Civilizations, Philosophical Theories, and Folklore (3000 bc-ad 1400) 3
Kevin Anthony Teague
1.1 Ancient Babylonians 3
1.2 Ancient Chinese 4
1.3 Aristotle and Meteorologica 4
1.4 Theophrastus and the Book of Signs 5
1.5 Ibn Wahshiyya and Nabataean Agriculture 6
1.6 William of Ockham and Nominalism 6
1.7 Religion, Folklore, and Animals 7
2 Inventions of Weather Instruments (1400-1800) 11
Nicole Gallicchio
2.1 Rain Gauge 11
2.2 Hygrometer 12
2.3 Thermometer 13
2.4 Barometer 15
2.5 Anemometer 16
3 The Birth of Modern Meteorology (1800-1950) 19
Kevin Anthony Teague and Nicole Gallicchio
3.1 Telegraph 19
3.2 Fitzroy 20
3.3 Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson 20
3.4 Weather Balloons/Radiosondes 20
3.5 Birth of Governmental Weather Departments 22
3.6 Numerical Weather Prediction 25
3.7 Weather Broadcasting 26
3.8 Forecasting for WWII 26
3.9 Extreme Weather Forecasting: 'Nowcasting' 27
Section II The Early Television, Computer, Satellite, and Radar Era (1950-1980) 31
4 Television and the First Computerized Advancements 33
Kevin Anthony Teague
4.1 Television in the Household 33
4.2 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1950s 33
4.3 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1960s and 1970s 34
4.4 The Beginning of Computers and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) 35
4.5 Computers and NWP in the Met Office 37
4.6 Computers and NWP Worldwide 37
4.7 The 1970s and Its Lasting Influences on Forecasting 39
5 Radar and Satellite History 43
Nicole Gallicchio
5.1 Invention of the Radar 43
5.2 Development of Weather Radar 44
5.3 Invention of the Satellite 46
5.4 Remote Sensing 46
5.5 Development of Weather Satellites 47
Section III Modern?]Day Technologies, Advancements, and Social Media Impacts (1980-2013) 51
6 Personal Technology Boom 53
Nicole Gallicchio
6.1 Television Networks 53
6.2 Personal Computers 55
6.3 The Internet and Meteorology 56
6.4 Cellphones and Social Media 56
6.5 Movies 58
7 Covering Major Storms 61
Nicole Gallicchio
7.1 The Great Storm of 1987 61
7.2 Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones 63
7.3 Tornadoes 66
7.4 Floods, Droughts, and Wildfires 68
7.5 Storm Chasing 70
7.6 Media
8 The Rise of Modern Computer Models 75
Kevin Anthony Teague
8.1 European Center for Medium?]Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) 75
8.2 Main US Models 78
8.3 Specific Use Forecasting Models 79
8.4 Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) 79
8.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) 80
8.6 Main Model Biases and Various Characteristics 80
9 Advancements within the Nationalized Governmental Weather Departments 87
Kevin Anthony Teague
9.1 The National Weather Service 87
9.2 The Met Office 91
9.3 Advancements across the World 93
9.4 Radar Development 96
9.5 New Satellite Developments 100
10 Meteorological Agencies at the Global and Private Level 107
Kevin Anthony Teague
10.1 World Government Agencies 107
10.2 Operations of World Organizations 110
10.3 Global Discussions 110
10.4 What a Private?]Sector Weather Business Entails 111
10.5 Government vs. Private Sector 112
10.6 The Lesser?]Known Services of the Private Sector 115
Section IV Current and Future Ideologies of Climate Change and Meteorological Processes 121
11 Climate Change 123
Nicole Gallicchio
11.1 Climate Discussions 123
11.2 Earth's Lifetime Fluctuations 125
11.3 Past Climate Data 127
11.4 Permafrost and Climate Change 130
11.5 Greenhouse Gases 132
11.6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 133
12 Extreme Weather 141
Nicole Gallicchio
12.1 Current Climate and Weather Trends 141
12.2 Classifying Extreme Weather 144
12.3 Extreme Weather Influences 147
12.4 Is Extreme Weather on the Rise? 150
12.5 Weather Pattern Predictions 153
13 Additional Meteorological Impacts 169
Nicole Gallicchio
13.1 Space Weather 169
13.2 Earthquakes and the Effect on Climate Change 171
13.3 Weather and the Effects on the Human Body 172
14 Weather Technology 179
Kevin Anthony Teague
14.1 Tropical Cyclone Technology 179
14.2 Coastal Flooding 186
14.3 Extreme Weather 190
14.4 Enhancements to Radar, Satellite, and Model Output of Supercomputers 198
14.5 Long?]Range Forecasting 203
14.6 Various Planned Advancements 203
15 Global Cooperation 211
Kevin Anthony Teague
15.1 Overall Global Forecasting 211
15.2 Global Networking in Meteorology 213
15.3 Disaster Management 215
15.4 Global Radar and Satellite Cooperation 220
15.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting Systems 221
15.6 Global Response to Climate Change 223
Appendix Figures A-H 231
Index 245
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Guide to basics of meteorology; Inventions of Weather Instruments; Modern Meteorology; meteorology and computers; meteorology and satellites; meteorology and radar; meteorology and early television forecasting; development of weather radar; current weather technologies; advancements in weather forecasting; social media and weather forecasting; covering major storms; hurricane Katrina and Sandy; tornadoes; cyclones; hurricane Andrew; advanced warnings for tornado activity; floods; droughts; and wildfires; storm chasing; weather forecasting and computer models; ocean wave model; data assimilation system and weather forecasting; ensemble prediction system and weather forecasting; monthly and seasonal weather forecasting system; global forecasting weather forecasting system; The Evolution of Meteorology: A Look into the Past; Present and Future of Weather Forecasting; Kevin A. Teague; Nicole Gallicchio
About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Section I Building Blocks of Meteorology (3000 bc-ad 1950) 1
1 Ancient Civilizations, Philosophical Theories, and Folklore (3000 bc-ad 1400) 3
Kevin Anthony Teague
1.1 Ancient Babylonians 3
1.2 Ancient Chinese 4
1.3 Aristotle and Meteorologica 4
1.4 Theophrastus and the Book of Signs 5
1.5 Ibn Wahshiyya and Nabataean Agriculture 6
1.6 William of Ockham and Nominalism 6
1.7 Religion, Folklore, and Animals 7
2 Inventions of Weather Instruments (1400-1800) 11
Nicole Gallicchio
2.1 Rain Gauge 11
2.2 Hygrometer 12
2.3 Thermometer 13
2.4 Barometer 15
2.5 Anemometer 16
3 The Birth of Modern Meteorology (1800-1950) 19
Kevin Anthony Teague and Nicole Gallicchio
3.1 Telegraph 19
3.2 Fitzroy 20
3.3 Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson 20
3.4 Weather Balloons/Radiosondes 20
3.5 Birth of Governmental Weather Departments 22
3.6 Numerical Weather Prediction 25
3.7 Weather Broadcasting 26
3.8 Forecasting for WWII 26
3.9 Extreme Weather Forecasting: 'Nowcasting' 27
Section II The Early Television, Computer, Satellite, and Radar Era (1950-1980) 31
4 Television and the First Computerized Advancements 33
Kevin Anthony Teague
4.1 Television in the Household 33
4.2 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1950s 33
4.3 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1960s and 1970s 34
4.4 The Beginning of Computers and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) 35
4.5 Computers and NWP in the Met Office 37
4.6 Computers and NWP Worldwide 37
4.7 The 1970s and Its Lasting Influences on Forecasting 39
5 Radar and Satellite History 43
Nicole Gallicchio
5.1 Invention of the Radar 43
5.2 Development of Weather Radar 44
5.3 Invention of the Satellite 46
5.4 Remote Sensing 46
5.5 Development of Weather Satellites 47
Section III Modern?]Day Technologies, Advancements, and Social Media Impacts (1980-2013) 51
6 Personal Technology Boom 53
Nicole Gallicchio
6.1 Television Networks 53
6.2 Personal Computers 55
6.3 The Internet and Meteorology 56
6.4 Cellphones and Social Media 56
6.5 Movies 58
7 Covering Major Storms 61
Nicole Gallicchio
7.1 The Great Storm of 1987 61
7.2 Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones 63
7.3 Tornadoes 66
7.4 Floods, Droughts, and Wildfires 68
7.5 Storm Chasing 70
7.6 Media
8 The Rise of Modern Computer Models 75
Kevin Anthony Teague
8.1 European Center for Medium?]Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) 75
8.2 Main US Models 78
8.3 Specific Use Forecasting Models 79
8.4 Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) 79
8.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) 80
8.6 Main Model Biases and Various Characteristics 80
9 Advancements within the Nationalized Governmental Weather Departments 87
Kevin Anthony Teague
9.1 The National Weather Service 87
9.2 The Met Office 91
9.3 Advancements across the World 93
9.4 Radar Development 96
9.5 New Satellite Developments 100
10 Meteorological Agencies at the Global and Private Level 107
Kevin Anthony Teague
10.1 World Government Agencies 107
10.2 Operations of World Organizations 110
10.3 Global Discussions 110
10.4 What a Private?]Sector Weather Business Entails 111
10.5 Government vs. Private Sector 112
10.6 The Lesser?]Known Services of the Private Sector 115
Section IV Current and Future Ideologies of Climate Change and Meteorological Processes 121
11 Climate Change 123
Nicole Gallicchio
11.1 Climate Discussions 123
11.2 Earth's Lifetime Fluctuations 125
11.3 Past Climate Data 127
11.4 Permafrost and Climate Change 130
11.5 Greenhouse Gases 132
11.6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 133
12 Extreme Weather 141
Nicole Gallicchio
12.1 Current Climate and Weather Trends 141
12.2 Classifying Extreme Weather 144
12.3 Extreme Weather Influences 147
12.4 Is Extreme Weather on the Rise? 150
12.5 Weather Pattern Predictions 153
13 Additional Meteorological Impacts 169
Nicole Gallicchio
13.1 Space Weather 169
13.2 Earthquakes and the Effect on Climate Change 171
13.3 Weather and the Effects on the Human Body 172
14 Weather Technology 179
Kevin Anthony Teague
14.1 Tropical Cyclone Technology 179
14.2 Coastal Flooding 186
14.3 Extreme Weather 190
14.4 Enhancements to Radar, Satellite, and Model Output of Supercomputers 198
14.5 Long?]Range Forecasting 203
14.6 Various Planned Advancements 203
15 Global Cooperation 211
Kevin Anthony Teague
15.1 Overall Global Forecasting 211
15.2 Global Networking in Meteorology 213
15.3 Disaster Management 215
15.4 Global Radar and Satellite Cooperation 220
15.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting Systems 221
15.6 Global Response to Climate Change 223
Appendix Figures A-H 231
Index 245
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Section I Building Blocks of Meteorology (3000 bc-ad 1950) 1
1 Ancient Civilizations, Philosophical Theories, and Folklore (3000 bc-ad 1400) 3
Kevin Anthony Teague
1.1 Ancient Babylonians 3
1.2 Ancient Chinese 4
1.3 Aristotle and Meteorologica 4
1.4 Theophrastus and the Book of Signs 5
1.5 Ibn Wahshiyya and Nabataean Agriculture 6
1.6 William of Ockham and Nominalism 6
1.7 Religion, Folklore, and Animals 7
2 Inventions of Weather Instruments (1400-1800) 11
Nicole Gallicchio
2.1 Rain Gauge 11
2.2 Hygrometer 12
2.3 Thermometer 13
2.4 Barometer 15
2.5 Anemometer 16
3 The Birth of Modern Meteorology (1800-1950) 19
Kevin Anthony Teague and Nicole Gallicchio
3.1 Telegraph 19
3.2 Fitzroy 20
3.3 Hugo Hildebrand Hildebrandsson 20
3.4 Weather Balloons/Radiosondes 20
3.5 Birth of Governmental Weather Departments 22
3.6 Numerical Weather Prediction 25
3.7 Weather Broadcasting 26
3.8 Forecasting for WWII 26
3.9 Extreme Weather Forecasting: 'Nowcasting' 27
Section II The Early Television, Computer, Satellite, and Radar Era (1950-1980) 31
4 Television and the First Computerized Advancements 33
Kevin Anthony Teague
4.1 Television in the Household 33
4.2 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1950s 33
4.3 Television Weather Forecasting of the 1960s and 1970s 34
4.4 The Beginning of Computers and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) 35
4.5 Computers and NWP in the Met Office 37
4.6 Computers and NWP Worldwide 37
4.7 The 1970s and Its Lasting Influences on Forecasting 39
5 Radar and Satellite History 43
Nicole Gallicchio
5.1 Invention of the Radar 43
5.2 Development of Weather Radar 44
5.3 Invention of the Satellite 46
5.4 Remote Sensing 46
5.5 Development of Weather Satellites 47
Section III Modern?]Day Technologies, Advancements, and Social Media Impacts (1980-2013) 51
6 Personal Technology Boom 53
Nicole Gallicchio
6.1 Television Networks 53
6.2 Personal Computers 55
6.3 The Internet and Meteorology 56
6.4 Cellphones and Social Media 56
6.5 Movies 58
7 Covering Major Storms 61
Nicole Gallicchio
7.1 The Great Storm of 1987 61
7.2 Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones 63
7.3 Tornadoes 66
7.4 Floods, Droughts, and Wildfires 68
7.5 Storm Chasing 70
7.6 Media
8 The Rise of Modern Computer Models 75
Kevin Anthony Teague
8.1 European Center for Medium?]Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) 75
8.2 Main US Models 78
8.3 Specific Use Forecasting Models 79
8.4 Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) 79
8.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) 80
8.6 Main Model Biases and Various Characteristics 80
9 Advancements within the Nationalized Governmental Weather Departments 87
Kevin Anthony Teague
9.1 The National Weather Service 87
9.2 The Met Office 91
9.3 Advancements across the World 93
9.4 Radar Development 96
9.5 New Satellite Developments 100
10 Meteorological Agencies at the Global and Private Level 107
Kevin Anthony Teague
10.1 World Government Agencies 107
10.2 Operations of World Organizations 110
10.3 Global Discussions 110
10.4 What a Private?]Sector Weather Business Entails 111
10.5 Government vs. Private Sector 112
10.6 The Lesser?]Known Services of the Private Sector 115
Section IV Current and Future Ideologies of Climate Change and Meteorological Processes 121
11 Climate Change 123
Nicole Gallicchio
11.1 Climate Discussions 123
11.2 Earth's Lifetime Fluctuations 125
11.3 Past Climate Data 127
11.4 Permafrost and Climate Change 130
11.5 Greenhouse Gases 132
11.6 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 133
12 Extreme Weather 141
Nicole Gallicchio
12.1 Current Climate and Weather Trends 141
12.2 Classifying Extreme Weather 144
12.3 Extreme Weather Influences 147
12.4 Is Extreme Weather on the Rise? 150
12.5 Weather Pattern Predictions 153
13 Additional Meteorological Impacts 169
Nicole Gallicchio
13.1 Space Weather 169
13.2 Earthquakes and the Effect on Climate Change 171
13.3 Weather and the Effects on the Human Body 172
14 Weather Technology 179
Kevin Anthony Teague
14.1 Tropical Cyclone Technology 179
14.2 Coastal Flooding 186
14.3 Extreme Weather 190
14.4 Enhancements to Radar, Satellite, and Model Output of Supercomputers 198
14.5 Long?]Range Forecasting 203
14.6 Various Planned Advancements 203
15 Global Cooperation 211
Kevin Anthony Teague
15.1 Overall Global Forecasting 211
15.2 Global Networking in Meteorology 213
15.3 Disaster Management 215
15.4 Global Radar and Satellite Cooperation 220
15.5 Global Data?]Processing and Forecasting Systems 221
15.6 Global Response to Climate Change 223
Appendix Figures A-H 231
Index 245
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Guide to basics of meteorology; Inventions of Weather Instruments; Modern Meteorology; meteorology and computers; meteorology and satellites; meteorology and radar; meteorology and early television forecasting; development of weather radar; current weather technologies; advancements in weather forecasting; social media and weather forecasting; covering major storms; hurricane Katrina and Sandy; tornadoes; cyclones; hurricane Andrew; advanced warnings for tornado activity; floods; droughts; and wildfires; storm chasing; weather forecasting and computer models; ocean wave model; data assimilation system and weather forecasting; ensemble prediction system and weather forecasting; monthly and seasonal weather forecasting system; global forecasting weather forecasting system; The Evolution of Meteorology: A Look into the Past; Present and Future of Weather Forecasting; Kevin A. Teague; Nicole Gallicchio
