Microbiology

1 Scope and History of Microbiology 1 Why Study Microbiology? 2 Scope of Microbiology 4 Historical Roots 9 The Germ Theory of Disease 11 Emergence of Special Fields of Microbiology 15 Tomorrow's History 19 2 the Microbiome 25 Introduction to the Microbiome 26 Fat or Lean 26 Diversity of Microbiomes 27 3 Fundamentals of Chemistry 31 Why Study Chemistry? 32 Chemical Building Blocks and Chemical Bonds 32 Water and Solutions 36 Complex Organic Molecules 40 4 Microscopy and Staining 53 Historical Microscopy 54 Principles of Microscopy 54 Light Microscopy 60 Electron Microscopy 64 Techniques of Light Microscopy 70 5 Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 77 Basic Cell Types 78 Prokaryotic Cells 78 Eukaryotic Cells 97 Evolution by Endosymbiosis 103 The Movement of Substances across Membranes 105 6 Essential Concepts of Metabolism 113 Metabolism: An Overview 114 Enzymes 116 Enzyme Inhibition 118 Anaerobic Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation 122 Aerobic Metabolism: Respiration 126 The Metabolism of Fats and Proteins 132 Other Metabolic Processes 133 The Uses of Energy 136 7 Growth and Culturing of Bacteria 142 Growth and Cell Division 143 Factors Affecting Bacterial Growth 152 Sporulation 161 Culturing Bacteria 163 Living, But Nonculturable, Organisms 170 8 Microbial Genetics 173 An Overview of Genetic Processes 174 DNA Replication 178 Protein Synthesis 179 The Regulation of Metabolism 187 Mutations 191 9 Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering 205 The Types and Significance of Gene Transfer 206 Transformation 206 Transduction 208 Conjugation 212 Gene Transfer Mechanisms Compared 216 Plasmids 216 Genetic Engineering 220 10 An Introduction to Taxonomy: The Bacteria 232 Taxonomy: The Science of Classification 233 Using A Taxonomic Key 235 The Five-Kingdom Classification System 236 The Three-Domain Classification System 240 Classification of Viruses 244 The Search for Evolutionary Relationships 246 Bacterial Taxonomy and Nomenclature 249 11 Viruses 258 General Characteristics of Viruses 260 Classification of Viruses 263 Emerging Viruses 271 Viral Replication 274 Culturing of Animal Viruses 285 Viruses and Teratogenesis 287 Viruslike Agents: Satellites, Virophages, Viroids, and Prions 288 Viruses and Cancer 292 Human Cancer Viruses 292 12 Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites 297 Principles of Parasitology 298 Protists 300 Fungi 307 Helminths 315 Arthropods 323 13 Sterilization and Disinfection 329 Principles of Sterilization and Disinfection 330 Chemical Antimicrobial Agents 331 Physical Antimicrobial Agents 341 14 Antimicrobial Therapy 353 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 354 The History of Chemotherapy 355 General Properties of Antimicrobial Agents 356 Determining Microbial Sensitivities to Antimicrobial Agents 364 Attributes of An Ideal Antimicrobial Agent 367 Antibacterial Agents 367 Antifungal Agents 373 Antiviral Agents 376 Antiprotozoan Agents 378 Antihelminthic Agents 379 Special Problems with Drug-Resistant Hospital Infections 379 15 Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes 385 Host-Microbe Relationships 386 Koch's Postulates 391 Kinds of Diseases 392 The Disease Process 393 Infectious Diseases-Past, Present, and Future 405 16 Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections 409 Epidemiology 410 Nosocomial Infections 431 Bioterrorism 439 17 Innate Host Defenses 445 Innate and Adaptive Host Defenses 446 Physical Barriers 446 Chemical Barriers 447 Cellular Defenses 447 Inflammation 456 Fever 458 Molecular Defenses 459 Development of the Immune System: Who Has One? 465 18 Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization 469 Immunology and Immunity 470 Types of Immunity 470 Characteristics of the Immune System 472 Humoral Immunity 478 Monoclonal Antibodies 484 Cell-Mediated Immunity 486 Mucosal Immune System 490 Immunization 492 Immunity to Various Kinds of Pathogens 501 19 Immune Disorders 508 Overview of Immunological Disorders 509 Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity 510 Cytotoxic (Type II) Hypersensitivity 514 Immune Complex (Type III) Hypersensitivity 518 Cell-Mediated (Type IV) Hypersensitivity 521 Autoimmune Disorders 523 Transplantation 527 Drug Reactions 530 Immunodeficiency Diseases 531 Immunological Tests 540 20 Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites 551 The Skin, Mucous Membranes, and Eyes 552 Diseases of the Skin 555 Diseases of the Eyes 569 Wounds and Bites 573 21 Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 581 Components of the Urogenital System 582 Urogenital Diseases Usually Not Transmitted Sexually 585 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 591 22 Diseases of the Respiratory System 613 Components of the Respiratory System 614 Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract 617 Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract 624 23 Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases 650 Components of the Digestive System 651 Diseases of the Oral Cavity 653 Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused By Bacteria 658 Gastrointestinal Diseases Caused By Other Pathogens 669 24 Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Systemic Diseases 690 The Cardiovascular System 691 Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Diseases 692 Systemic Diseases 697 25 Diseases of the Nervous System 727 Components of the Nervous System 728 Diseases of the Brain and Meninges 728 Other Diseases of the Nervous System 737 26 Environmental Microbiology 754 Fundamentals of Ecology 755 Biogeochemical Cycles 755 Air 765 Soil 766 Water 770 Marine Environments 771 Sewage Treatment 778 Bioremediation 780 27 Applied Microbiology 785 Microorganisms Found in Food 786 Preventing Disease Transmission and Food Spoilage 793 Microorganisms as Food and in Food Production 799 Beer, Wine, and Spirits 804 Industrial and Pharmaceutical Microbiology 806 Useful Organic Products 808 Microbiological Mining 811 Microbiological Waste Disposal 812 Appendices A Metric System Measurements, Conversions, and Math Tools A-1 B Classification of Viruses B-1 C Word Roots Commonly Encountered in Microbiology C-1 D Safety Precautions in the Handling of Clinical Specimens D-1 E Metabolic Pathways E-1 F Diseases and the Organisms That Cause Them* G Pathogens and the Diseases They Cause* H parasites* Glossary G-1 Index I-1 *Appendices F through H can be found at the web site, www.wiley.com/college/black, and in WileyPLUS-include this *Appendices F through H can be found at the web site, www.wiley.com/college/black, and in WileyPLUS-include this

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• Microbiologia (não médica)